Di Ethanol Amine

Diethanolamine (DEA) is an organic compound containing two hydroxyl (-OH) groups and one secondary amine (-NH-) group.
It belongs to the class of secondary amines and di-alcohols (dialkanolamines), exhibiting both amine and alcohol reactivity.
Due to this dual functionality, DEA acts as a weak base, emulsifier, pH stabilizer, and metal ion complexing agent in numerous industrial formulations.

Molecular Structure:
HO–CH₂–CH₂–NH–CH₂–CH₂–OH

Chemical and Physical Properties

Applications of Diethanolamine (DEA)

1. Detergent, Cosmetic, and Personal Care Industries

• Active base for the formulation of shampoos, liquid soaps, creams, and lotions

• pH regulator and stable emulsifier in surfactant systems

2. Oil and Gas Industry

• Used for acid gas removal (CO₂ and H₂S) in gas sweetening units

• Acts as a corrosion inhibitor in pipeline and refinery systems

3. Agriculture and Fertilizer

• Serves as a chelating agent in liquid fertilizers

• Functions as a pH stabilizer in pesticide and fungicide formulations

4. Paints, Inks, and Resins

• Co-emulsifier in water-based coatings

• Improves viscosity, stability, and durability of paints and inks

5. Cement and Construction

• Used as a Grinding Aid in cement production

• Enhances workability and compressive strength of concrete under varying temperatures

Advantages

• Multi-functional and cost-effective across various industries

• Excellent chemical stability in alkaline media

• High solubility in aqueous systems

• Compatible with surfactants, oils, and alcohols

Limitations

• Irritant to skin and eyes upon direct contact

• Potential formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines in the presence of nitrites

• Sensitization risk in long-term exposure, especially in leave-on cosmetic products

• Requires dose control in food and pharmaceutical-related applications

Safety and Regulatory Information (GHS / SDS)

• H302: Harmful if swallowed

• H315: Causes skin irritation

• H319: Causes serious eye irritation

• H351: Suspected of causing cancer (IARC Group 2B – limited evidence in humans)

Storage and Handling

• Store in tightly sealed containers made of polyethylene or stainless steel

• Keep in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area (10–30 °C)

• Protect from direct sunlight, heat sources, and oxidizing agents

• Use chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and adequate ventilation during handling

Summary

Diethanolamine (DEA) is a versatile alkanolamine used extensively in detergents, gas treatment, agricultural chemicals, and resin production.
Its dual functionality as both an amine and an alcohol makes it a valuable intermediate, though it requires strict handling and dosage control due to toxicity and sensitization potential.