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Tread Rubber

Tire Repairing & Retreading Materials, Rubber

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Triethanolamine (TEA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₁₅NO₃, classified as a tertiary amine and a tri-hydric alcohol.
It is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia, and contains three hydroxyl (-OH) groups and one tertiary amine (-N<) functional group.

Molecular Structure:
HO–CH₂–CH₂–N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂

This structure enables TEA to act as a weak base, emulsifier, pH stabilizer, and strong solvent in various formulations.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Property	Value / Description
Appearance	Clear, colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid
Odor	Mild, ammoniacal, slightly sweet odor
Molecular Weight	149.19 g/mol
Boiling Point	335 – 335.4°C
Melting Point	~21.2 – 21.6°C
Density (25°C)	1.124 – 1.127 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	~450 cP (relatively high)
Solubility	Completely miscible with water, ethanol, and acetone
pH (1% aqueous solution)	10.5 – 11.5

Applications

1. Cosmetics and Personal Care

pH adjuster in creams and lotions
Emulsifying agent in shampoos and shaving gels
Foam booster in mild cleansing formulations

2. Oil, Gas, and Drilling

Corrosion inhibitor in oil and gas transportation systems
Additive in drilling fluids

3. Textile Industry

Lubricant and softening agent in dyeing and finishing processes
Dye fixative for synthetic fibers

4. Pharmaceuticals

Base for ointments, creams, and topical formulations
Used in slow-release tablet formulations

5. Paints, Inks, and Coatings

Viscosity stabilizer and pH regulator
Improves dispersion and prevents pigment settling

6. Cement and Construction

Grinding aid in cement production
Enhances workability and strength of concrete

Advantages

Excellent buffering capacity for pH control
High solubility in both aqueous and organic systems
Multifunctional — acts as solvent, surfactant, and complexing agent
Suitable for low-odor and non-irritating formulations

Disadvantages

May cause skin sensitization upon repeated contact
Limited thermal stability at elevated temperatures
Requires precise dosage control in cosmetic formulations
Potential to form nitrosamines in the presence of nitrites under certain conditions

Safety and Handling

GHS Classification:

H315: Causes skin irritation
H319: Causes serious eye irritation
H335: May cause respiratory irritation

Safety Precautions (HSE):

Use protective gloves, safety goggles, and ensure adequate ventilation
Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes, and prevent inhalation of vapors
Store in tightly closed containers at ambient temperature, away from direct sunlight

Transportation Information:

UN Number: 2491
Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive substances)

Summary

Triethanolamine (TEA) is a versatile, multifunctional chemical widely used in formulation, refining, textile, and construction industries.
With its unique ability to control pH, stabilize emulsions, and enhance compatibility with diverse raw materials, TEA remains one of the most valuable additives in modern industrial chemistry.

Tri Iso Propanol Amine

Chemical, Amines

Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₉H₂₁NO₃, classified as a tertiary amine and polyhydric alcohol.
It is produced by the reaction of ammonia with isopropyl oxide or isopropanol, and contains three hydroxyl (-OH) groups and one tertiary nitrogen center, providing both basic and solubilizing properties.

Chemical Structure:
[(CH₃)₂CHOCH₂]₃N

TIPA acts as a weak base with excellent complexing and solvent capabilities in aqueous and polar systems.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Property	Typical Value / Description
Appearance	Clear, colorless to very pale yellow liquid
Odor	Mild, amine-like with slight alcoholic note
Molecular Weight	191.27 g/mol
Boiling Point	305–310°C
Freezing Point	Approx. –20°C
Density (25°C)	1.03–1.05 g/cm³
Water Solubility	Completely miscible
pH (1% aqueous solution)	10.5–11.5

Applications

1. Cement and Concrete Industry

Used as a grinding aid to enhance mill efficiency and reduce energy consumption
Improves compressive strength and hydration performance of concrete

2. Detergents and Personal Care Formulations

pH regulator in liquid soaps and cleaners
Emulsion stabilizer for surfactant-based systems

3. Paints, Coatings, and Inks

Prevents pigment agglomeration and enhances dispersion stability
Improves viscosity control in water-based paints

4. Oil and Gas Industry

Functions as a corrosion inhibitor in drilling and transport systems

5. Agricultural Chemicals

Used as a pH adjuster in liquid fertilizers and pesticide formulations

Advantages

Excellent solubility in water and alcohols
High thermal and chemical stability
Multifunctional role as pH regulator, lubricant, and defoaming controller
Non-volatile and safer handling compared to lower amines

Limitations

May cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact
Can undergo thermal decomposition at elevated temperatures
Requires controlled dosing to prevent corrosion in certain systems

Safety and Handling

Hazard Statements (GHS):

H319: Causes serious eye irritation
H315: Causes skin irritation
H335: May cause respiratory irritation

Storage and Handling Recommendations:

Store in polyethylene or stainless-steel containers at 10–30°C
Keep away from heat sources and direct sunlight
Use personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, safety goggles, and respirators
In case of spill, dilute with plenty of water and collect safely

Summary

Triisopropanolamine (TIPA) is a high-performance, multifunctional chemical widely used across various industries.
Its primary roles include acting as a cement grinding aid, pH stabilizer, and emulsifying agent in detergents and coatings.

For reliable performance and consistent quality, TIPA should be sourced from certified suppliers that provide a valid Certificate of Analysis (COA) and technical support tailored to your application.

Tri Octyl Tri Mellitate (TOTM)

Polymer, Plasticiser

Tri-Octyl Trimellitate (TOTM) is an organic compound primarily used as a plasticizer. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild odor, and it belongs to the class of trimellitate esters. The chemical formula of TOTM is C24H38O4.

Structure

The structure of Tri-Octyl Trimellitate (TOTM) consists of a central trimellitic acid molecule, which is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. This molecule is esterified with three octyl groups, which are derived from octyl alcohol, a long-chain alcohol. Each of the three octyl groups is attached to one of the carboxyl groups on the trimellitic acid via an ester bond. The octyl groups, with a carbon chain length of eight carbon atoms, contribute to the compound's high molecular weight and oily texture. The result is a molecule with a large, non-polar hydrophobic character, which provides its useful properties as a plasticizer. The overall molecular formula is C24H38O4, reflecting the combination of the aromatic trimellitic structure and the three octyl ester groups.

Properties

Tri-Octyl Trimellitate (TOTM) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild odor. It has a high molecular weight and a low volatility, which contributes to its stability in various applications. Its excellent thermal stability makes it suitable for use in high-temperature environments, as it can withstand temperatures without degrading. TOTM also exhibits low toxicity and is considered less harmful to both humans and the environment compared to some other plasticizers, such as phthalates. It has good compatibility with a wide range of polymers, particularly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), where it enhances flexibility and durability. Additionally, TOTM has low migration properties, meaning it does not easily leach out of plastics, which makes it ideal for long-lasting applications like electrical cables and automotive parts. The compound also has good resistance to aging, making it a reliable choice for products exposed to harsh conditions over extended periods. Its low volatility and high flash point add to its safety in industrial applications. Tri-Octyl Tri-Mellitate (TOTM) is a plasticizer used primarily in polymers like PVC to improve their flexibility, durability, and performance. Below are its applications, advantages, and disadvantages:

Applications of TOTM

Plasticizer in PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): TOTM is commonly used to improve the flexibility and processing of PVC compounds.
Electrical Cable Insulation: It’s used in manufacturing insulation for electrical cables, offering resistance to heat, cold, and environmental factors.
Coatings: Used in the production of durable and flexible coatings for various surfaces.
Automotive Applications: In car interiors, particularly for making soft-touch surfaces and dashboard components.
Medical Devices: Used in the production of flexible medical tubing and other PVC-based medical products.
Packaging Materials: Provides flexibility to packaging films, improving their resistance to cracking.

Advantages of TOTM

High Thermal Stability: TOTM provides excellent heat resistance, making it ideal for high-temperature applications.
Good Electrical Insulation: Offers good electrical properties, which is particularly useful in the cable and wire industries.
Low Volatility: TOTM has low volatility compared to other plasticizers, which reduces the likelihood of migration and volatilization over time.
Durability: Offers long-lasting flexibility, making it suitable for products that require extended lifespans, such as electrical cables and medical devices.
Non-Toxic: It is considered non-toxic and safer for use in medical and food-related applications when compared to other plasticizers.

Disadvantages of TOTM

Higher Cost: TOTM is generally more expensive than other plasticizers, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP).
Lower Compatibility with Some Polymers: It may not be as compatible with all types of resins and can affect the processing of some materials.
Reduced Processability: The use of TOTM may slightly reduce the processability of PVC due to its high molecular weight.
Environmental Concerns: While safer than some other plasticizers, its environmental impact (especially in terms of biodegradability) may still be a concern.

Limited Use in Certain Applications: Its higher cost and specific application range may limit its widespread use in cheaper, high-volume manufacturing

Tricalcium phosphate

Chemical, Phosphates

Trichlorethylene

Chemical, Chlorinated Solvents

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an organic compound with the formula C₂HCl₃. It's a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet odor. TCE was widely used as an industrial solvent and cleaning agent, but its use has declined significantly due to its environmental and health risks.

Properties of Trichloroethylene

Physical Properties:
- Colorless liquid
- Sweet odor
- Volatile
- Density greater than water
Chemical Properties:
- Good solvent for many organic compounds
- Stable under normal conditions
- Decomposes at high temperatures to form toxic products

Past Applications of Trichloroethylene

Industrial Solvent: Used in various industries for degreasing, cleaning, and as a solvent for paints, varnishes, and adhesives.
Dry Cleaning: Employed in the dry cleaning industry.
Medical Uses: Historically used as an anesthetic.

Environmental and Health Concerns

Toxicity: Exposure to TCE can lead to a variety of health problems, including liver and kidney damage, nerve damage, and cancer.
Environmental Pollution: TCE is a persistent organic pollutant that can contaminate groundwater and soil. It can also contribute to air pollution.

Triethanol amine alkyl benzene sulfonate linear salt 50%

Chemical, SALTS

Triethanolamine lauryl ether sulfate

Chemical, Sulfates

triethanolamine lauryl sulfate 40%

Chemical, Sulfates

Triethanolamine Lauryl Sulfate 40% (PADAPON-TL40) Triethanolamine Lauryl Sulfate is an anionic surfactant from the sulfated fatty alcohol group with a high HLB value of 34. This compound has mild cleansing properties due to its neutralization with triethanolamine and is used in the formulation of body and hair shampoos. Sulfate provides cleansing, foaming and moisturizing properties to cosmetic formulations. Compared to ammonium or sodium lauryl sulfates, TEA-Lauryl Sulfate is less corrosive to metal packaging materials and is “less sensitive to salt viscosity reaction. Environmental Considerations and Sensitization Undiluted shampoos containing 10.5% TEA-Lauryl Sulfate showed a low potential to cause human skin sensitization. No evidence of photosensitization was observed in subjects exposed to solutions containing up to 0.42% TEA-Lauryl Sulfate. Based on available animal and human data, it can be concluded that TEA-Lauryl Sulfate can be used without significant irritation at final concentrations not exceeding 10.5%. Higher concentrations may cause irritation, especially if allowed to remain in contact with the skin for a significant period of time. Product Specifications Molecular Weight 428 Appearance Clear Yellow Liquid Free Oil Max 2.5 Active Ingredient 42-38 Color (Hazen) Max.30 Triethanolamine Sulfate Percentage Max 1.0 pH 4.0-7.0 Salt Percentage Max 1.0 Free Amine Percentage Max 3.0 Features -High foaming properties -Excellent viscosifying ability -Thick and creamy foam -Gentle on skin and hair -Opacity at very low temperatures -Compatible with anionic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants Applications -Hair shampoo -Body shampoo -Hair color -Shaving foam and cream -Cleansing products -Hand wash -Children's shampoo and body -Mild cleanser -Firefighting foam concentrates

Triethylene Glycol

Chemical, Glycols

Triethylene Glycol is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH. It's a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly sweet taste. Properties of Triethylene Glycol Hygroscopicity: It readily absorbs moisture from the air. Solubility: Miscible with water and many organic solvents. Viscosity: Higher viscosity compared to ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. Biodegradability: Environmentally friendly and biodegradable. Applications of Triethylene Glycol Triethylene glycol has a wide range of applications across various industries: Dehydrating Agent: Used to remove water from natural gas and other gases. Used as a desiccant in various industrial processes. Chemical Intermediate: Used in the production of polyurethane foams, plasticizers, and other chemicals. Solvent: Used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and inks. Heat Transfer Fluid: Used in heat transfer systems due to its high boiling point and low freezing point. Personal Care Products: Used as a humectant in cosmetics and skincare products.

Safety Considerations

While triethylene glycol is generally safe, it's important to handle it with care. It can cause skin and eye irritation. Inhaling its vapors can irritate the respiratory tract. Always follow safety guidelines and wear appropriate protective equipment when working with triethylene glycol.