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Stearic Acid Rubber Grade

Rubber Grade Stearic Acid is a very important chemical compound in the rubber industry. It is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that is naturally found in animal and vegetable fats. But when added to rubber as an additive, it plays a very important role in improving the mechanical and processing properties of the material.

Properties of Rubber Grade Stearic Acid

Increase Tensile Strength: Stearic acid helps increase the tensile strength of rubber, making it more resistant to tearing. Improvement of Abrasion Resistance: Using stearic acid increases the resistance of rubber to abrasion, which is especially important in tires. Reduction of Adhesion: Stearic acid reduces the adhesion of rubber to production equipment and prevents rubber from sticking to molds. Improvement of Electrical Properties: Stearic acid can help improve the electrical properties of rubber, making it suitable for applications that require electrical insulation.

Applications of Rubber Grade Stearic Acid

Tire Industry: Stearic acid is widely used in the production of tires for cars, trucks, and other vehicles. Rubber Products Industry: In the production of hoses, belts, gaskets and other rubber products Plastics Industry: As a release agent in plastic molding

Benefits of using rubber grade stearic acid

Improving the quality of the final product: Stearic acid improves the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of rubber products. Reducing production costs: By increasing the speed and efficiency of the production process, production costs are reduced. Increasing the lifespan of products: Rubber products manufactured using stearic acid have a longer lifespan.

Stearyl alcohol

Chemical, Alcohols

Stearyl alcohol is a sterilized alcoholic solution, typically based on 70% ethanol or 70% isopropanol, produced under controlled, aseptic conditions to be free from microorganisms and suspended particles.
It is widely recognized as a rapid and effective disinfectant in medical, laboratory, pharmaceutical, and industrial environments.

Chemical Structure of Stearyl alcohol

Active Ingredient:
Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH, CAS No. 64-17-5) or Isopropanol (CH₃CHOHCH₃, CAS No. 67-63-0)
Carrier:
Sterile distilled water, maintaining a disinfectant concentration of 70–75% (v/v)
Solution Structure:
A clear, homogeneous, and microbe-free solution capable of penetrating bacterial cell walls during phospholipid disruption
Optimal Concentration (70%) is used for maximum disinfectant efficacy, enabling effective penetration of microbial proteins and cell membranes.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Property	Description / Value
Appearance	Colorless or slightly tinted liquid with a characteristic alcoholic or mildly aromatic odor
Boiling Point	Ethanol: 78.2 °C • Isopropanol: ~82.6 °C
Solubility	Completely miscible with water and many organic solvents
Flash Point	Low (highly flammable)
Sterility	Filtered (e.g., through 0.2 μm membranes) and sometimes gamma-irradiated
Microbial Load	None — sterile and particle-free

Applications of Stearyl alcohol

Pre-injection and surgical skin disinfection
Disinfection of medical and laboratory equipment surfaces
Ingredient in hand sanitizing gels and solutions
Sterilization of biomedical and laboratory instruments
Surface disinfection in pharmaceutical and vaccine production lines
Cleaning and sanitizing cosmetic and medical devices
Use in highly controlled industrial or biomedical environments, such as operating rooms and biosafety laboratories (BSL-2/3)

Advantages of Stearyl alcohol

Rapid and broad-spectrum disinfection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi
Non-corrosive to metals and many sensitive materials
No rinsing required after application
Suitable for sterile environments, including operating rooms and viral labs
Skin-compatible in formulations containing moisturizers or glycerin
Fast evaporation leaving no residue on surfaces

Disadvantages and Limitations

Highly flammable — requires controlled storage and handling conditions
May cause skin dryness with frequent use (if no moisturizer is added)
Ineffective against spore-forming bacteria
Requires sterile, evaporation-resistant packaging for preservation

Strontium carbonate

Chemical, Carbonates

Strontium Carbonate (SrCO₃) is a white, odorless, crystalline inorganic compound naturally found in the mineral Strontianite. Known for its excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance, and optical properties, it plays a key role in glassmaking, ceramics, pyrotechnics, metallurgy, and electronics.

In the global chemicals market, Strontium Carbonate is considered one of the most important and widely used members of the carbonate family. Its unique combination of properties makes it difficult to replace in many industrial applications.

Chemical and Structural Information

Chemical Formula: SrCO₃
Ionic Composition: Strontium ion (Sr²⁺) and Carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻)
Crystal System: Orthorhombic
Bond Type: Strong ionic bonds providing high mechanical and thermal stability
Chemical Classification: Inorganic Carbonates

The orthorhombic crystalline structure of Strontium Carbonate imparts excellent structural integrity, making it suitable for high-temperature and electroceramic applications.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Property	Value / Description
Appearance	White powder or granules
Molecular Weight	147.63 g/mol
Density	~3.7 g/cm³
Solubility	Insoluble in water; soluble in dilute acids with CO₂ release
Thermal Stability	Stable at ambient temperature; decomposes at elevated heat

These characteristics make Strontium Carbonate a preferred component in heat- and chemically-stable formulations, particularly for glass and ceramic industries.

Production Methods

Strontium Carbonate is produced through two main routes:

Natural Process: Extraction and purification from Strontianite mineral
Industrial Process: Reaction of Strontium Sulfide (SrS) with Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) or Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃), forming SrCO₃ precipitate

The industrial route is most common for large-scale production due to its high yield and cost efficiency.

Applications

Glass Industry: Enhances transparency, reduces X-ray absorption, and improves thermal stability of specialty glass
Ceramics and Glazes: Improves mechanical strength, controls thermal expansion, and provides distinctive color tones
Pyrotechnics: Produces bright, stable red coloration in fireworks due to strontium ions
Electronics: Used in cathode ray tubes (CRT), electroceramics, and semiconductor materials
Metallurgy: Removes impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus in steelmaking and non-ferrous metal refining
Pigments and Coatings: Acts as a white pigment and enhances brightness and durability of coatings

Advantages

High chemical and thermal stability
Unique optical and color-forming properties
Excellent mechanical strength in ceramic and glass matrices
Widely applicable across advanced and high-performance industries

Limitations

Higher cost compared to alternatives such as Calcium Carbonate
Moderate toxicity if ingested or inhaled over prolonged periods
Requires strict safety and handling standards for industrial use

Environmental Impact

Strontium Carbonate is relatively low in environmental risk due to its poor solubility and chemical inertness. However, uncontrolled release of large quantities into soil or water may negatively impact aquatic ecosystems.
Therefore, proper waste management and recycling protocols are essential in large-scale industrial operations.

Alternatives and Substitutes

Alternative	Application Notes
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)	Cost-effective substitute in glass and ceramics with lower performance
Barium Carbonate (BaCO₃)	Used in certain ceramic applications but more toxic
Strontium Oxide (SrO)	Sometimes used as a reactive equivalent in specialty formulations

Despite these alternatives, Strontium Carbonate remains irreplaceable in applications requiring specific optical and electronic characteristics.

Safety and Storage Guidelines

Storage: Keep in a cool, dry area, away from moisture and acids
Handling: Use protective gloves, safety goggles, and dust masks when handling powder
Transportation: Follow GHS and international chemical transport regulations
Emergency Measures: In case of skin or eye contact, rinse immediately with plenty of water

Summary

Strontium Carbonate (SrCO₃) is a versatile, high-performance inorganic compound essential in modern materials science and manufacturing. Its combination of optical brilliance, chemical stability, and industrial versatility makes it a key raw material in the glass, ceramic, and electronic sectors.

Styrene AcryloNitrile resin (SAN)

Polymer, PS

SAN polymer, with the chemical name styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, is a versatile plastic that is characterised above all by its excellent transparency and chemical resistance. In addition, it has high stiffness and good dimensional stability which allow it to be used in demanding environments.

styrene acrylonitrile structure

Styrene acrylonitrile resin (SAN) is a copolymer plastic consisting of styrene and acrylonitrile. The typical composition of SAN polymers is:

Styrene: ~70–80%
Acrylonitrile: ~20–30%

The ratio affects the polymer's properties, such as rigidity, toughness, and chemical resistance. SAN is largely amorphous due to the bulky benzene rings of styrene, which hinder regular packing of polymer chains.

styrene acrylonitrile resin properties

SAN is similar in use to polystyrene. Like polystyrene itself, it is transparent and brittle. The copolymer has a glass transition temperature greater than 100 °C owing to the acrylonitrile units in the chain, thus making the material resistant to boiling water. SAN is known for its excellent tensile and flexural strength, which makes it suitable for structural applications. It resists oils, fats, dilute acids, and alkalis, making it suitable for use in chemical containers and food storage.

styrene acrylonitrile applications

Household Products: Plastic tumblers, food trays, storage containers Automotive: Interior components, knobs, handles, instrument panels Medical: Test tubes, Petri dishes, laboratory equipment Electronics: Housings, enclosures, transparent electronic parts

Advantages

High Mechanical Strength
Ease of Processing
Lightweight
Cost-Effective
Transparency
Good Electrical Insulation

Disadvantages

Limited Impact Strength
Environmental Stress Cracking
Flammability
Limited Weatherability

Styrene monomer

Chemical, Monomers

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Styrenic Block Copolymers (TPS)

Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE), Polymer

Styrenic Block Copolymers (TPS) are a class of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) composed of alternating hard and soft polymer segments. The hard segments are made of polystyrene (PS), while the soft segments consist of rubber-like elastomers such as polybutadiene (PB) or polyisoprene (PI). This structure gives TPS materials the elasticity of rubber while maintaining the easy processability of thermoplastics.

Structure

Styrenic block copolymers (TPS) have a phase-separated structure composed of alternating hard and soft polymer segments. The hard segments consist of polystyrene (PS) domains, which provide strength, rigidity, and thermal stability, while the soft segments are made of elastomeric materials such as polybutadiene (PB), polyisoprene (PI), or ethylene-butylene (EB), contributing to flexibility and elasticity. These block copolymers form a physical crosslinking network where the polystyrene blocks aggregate into discrete domains, acting as physical anchors that hold the material together, while the rubbery segments remain continuous and provide elasticity. This unique morphology allows TPS materials to behave like thermoset elastomers at room temperature but soften and flow when heated, making them fully thermoplastic and easily reprocessable. The phase separation between the polystyrene and elastomeric segments gives TPS its characteristic combination of strength, flexibility, and processability, making it widely used in applications requiring both durability and soft-touch properties.

Properties

Styrenic block copolymers (TPS) exhibit a unique combination of elasticity, strength, and processability due to their phase-separated structure. They have excellent flexibility and rubber-like elasticity, allowing them to stretch and recover their shape without permanent deformation. Their mechanical properties include good tensile strength and impact resistance, making them durable for various applications. TPS materials have moderate heat resistance, generally performing well below 100°C, and are resistant to many oils, greases, and chemicals, enhancing their stability in demanding environments. They also have good adhesion properties, making them suitable for overmolding onto other plastics. Unlike thermoset rubbers, TPS materials are thermoplastic, meaning they can be melted, reshaped, and recycled multiple times, improving manufacturing efficiency and sustainability. They also provide a soft-touch feel, making them ideal for grips, handles, and other ergonomic applications. Additionally, TPS offers good weather resistance, especially in formulations like SEBS, which enhance UV and oxidation stability. These combined properties make TPS widely used in automotive, medical, consumer goods, and adhesive applications.

Application

Automotive Industry:
- Soft-touch interior components (dashboards, door panels)
- Seals, gaskets, and vibration dampeners
- Grip pads and protective coatings
Consumer Goods:
- Handles and grips for tools, toothbrushes, and razors
- Sports equipment, shoe soles, and protective gear
- Flexible packaging and stretchable films
Medical Applications:
- Medical tubing and syringe plungers
- Overmolded soft-touch medical devices
- Flexible, biocompatible components
Adhesives and Sealants:
- Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs)
- Hot-melt adhesives for packaging and footwear
Electronics & Electrical:
- Protective casings for devices
- Wire and cable insulation

Advantages

High Elasticity and Flexibility – Provides rubber-like stretch and softness Good Impact and Tensile Strength – Enhances durability and wear resistance Thermoplastic Nature – Can be easily melted, reshaped, and recycled Soft-Touch Feel – Ideal for ergonomic grips and overmolding Good Adhesion to Various Materials – Suitable for multi-material applications Resistant to Oils, Greases, and Chemicals – Performs well in harsh environments Lightweight – Reduces material costs and improves energy efficiency Good Weather and UV Resistance – Certain formulations (e.g., SEBS) have enhanced outdoor durability Easy Processing – Compatible with injection molding, extrusion, and blow molding

Disadvantages

Lower Heat Resistance – Limited performance above 100°C Lower Stiffness Compared to Some Plastics – May require reinforcement for structural applications Can Become Sticky in Hot Conditions – Some grades may soften and lose shape retention Higher Cost Than Standard Plastics – More expensive than traditional polyolefins like PP and PE Limited Load-Bearing Capacity – Not suitable for heavy-duty mechanical applications

Sulfates

Reinforcing Fillers, Rubber

Sulfates are a group of chemical compounds that contain the sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻). This ion consists of a central sulfur atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms. Sulfates are widely found in nature and in various industries and have a variety of applications.

Properties of Sulfates

High solubility: Many sulfates dissolve well in water. Thermal stability: Some sulfates are stable to heat. Oxidizing properties: Some sulfates, such as copper sulfate, have oxidizing properties.

Applications of sulfates

Sulfates are widely used in various industries due to their diverse properties, including: Chemical industries: Production of sulfuric acid, dyes, detergents, and chemical fertilizers. Construction industries: Production of cement, gypsum, and other building materials. Paper industry: As a filler and sizing agent in paper production. Textile industry: In the dyeing and printing process of fabrics. Agriculture: As a fertilizer and pesticide. Pharmaceutical industry: In the production of some drugs.

Sulfuric acid is one of the strongest, most widely used, and most important inorganic acids in the global chemical industry.
With the chemical formula H₂SO₄, it is a colorless, odorless, oily liquid that is highly corrosive and readily soluble in water, releasing a large amount of heat upon dissolution.

Chemical Structure

Molecular Formula: H₂SO₄
Structure: Consists of two hydrogen atoms (H⁺) and one sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻), in which sulfur is centrally bonded to four oxygen atoms.
Type of Bond: Both covalent and ionic, depending on the solvent environment.
In aqueous solution, sulfuric acid fully dissociates, releasing two protons (H⁺).

Physical and Chemical Properties

Property	Value / Description
Physical State	Clear, oily, colorless liquid
Density (at 98%)	~1.84 g/cm³
Boiling Point	337 °C
Freezing Point	10.4 °C
Solubility in Water	Very high (highly exothermic and dangerous)
pH (1% solution)	< 1 (extremely acidic)
Corrosivity	Very high — attacks metals, skin, and fibers
Flash Point	None (non-flammable but a strong oxidizer)