Aluminum Sulphate
Aluminum sulfate is a chemical agent most commonly used in water purification, for the pH regulation of garden soil and in waste water treatment. Medically, it is primarily used as a coagulating agent in minor cuts and abrasions as well as deodorant.
Aluminium sulfate is also known as Filter Alum or Dialuminum trisulfate. It appears as a white crystalline solid in waterless form and a colorless liquid in solution form. Both the forms are non-toxic and non-combustible.Application of aluminum sulfate
- Wastewater treatment
- Leather processing
- Metal finishing
- Pulp and paper
- Textile handling
- Solvents
- Paint and Coatings
Amino Ethyl Ethanol Amin
It is also a linear molecule with primary and secondary amine groups. AEEA is a colorless liquid with a slightly higher viscosity than EDA and DETA. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of detergents, fabric softeners, chelates, fuel additives, and coatings.
Applications of Amino Ethyl Ethanol Amin
- Detergents and Cleaners
- Fabric Softeners
- Fuel Additives
- Coatings
- Agriculture
Aminotris (ATMP)
Ammonia
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium Acetate, with the chemical formula CH₃COONH₄, is the salt resulting from the reaction between acetic acid and ammonia. It appears as a white crystalline solid, is hygroscopic (moisture-absorbing), and has a faint ammonia odor due to partial decomposition. This compound is derived from a weak acid (acetic acid) and a weak base (ammonia), which gives it buffering properties in aqueous solution.
Structure of Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium acetate is an ionic compound composed of the ammonium cation (NH₄⁺) and the acetate anion (CH₃COO⁻). The acetate ion exhibits resonance between its two oxygen atoms, which contributes to its relative stability.
Chemical formula: CH₃COONH₄
Properties of Ammonium Acetate
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Appearance: White crystalline powder, transparent or granulated
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Solubility: Highly soluble in water and ethanol; slightly soluble in acetone
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Hygroscopic: Easily absorbs moisture from the air
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Melting Point: ~114 °C; decomposes upon heating into acetic acid and ammonia
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Density: ~1.07 g/cm³ at 25 °C (equivalent to 1070 kg/m³ in SI units)
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pH (aqueous solution): Nearly neutral, typically between 6.5 and 7.5 depending on concentration
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Compressibility: Compressible
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Colorless: Its solutions are usually clear and colorless
Applications of Ammonium Acetate
Food Industry:
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Used as a food additive (E264)
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Functions as a buffer and preservative in certain food products
Laboratory and Research:
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pH buffer: Used in biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and molecular biology to maintain stable pH in reactions and enzyme processes (e.g., DNA extraction and protein purification)
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Chromatography: Serves as a buffer or mobile phase in HPLC and mass spectrometry due to its volatility
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Microbial detection
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Biological media: Occasionally used in specialized bacterial growth environments
Pharmaceutical Industry:
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Used in the manufacture of certain drugs and injectable solutions
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Applied in organic synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds
Textile Industry:
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Functions as an auxiliary agent in textile printing and dyeing processes
Chemical Industry:
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Serves as a source of acetate or ammonia ions in organic synthesis
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Used in the production of certain plastics and resins
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Acts as a corrosion inhibitor in specific processes
Wastewater Treatment:
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Used in biological processes to supply carbon and nitrogen for bacteria
Environmental Applications:
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Used in some airport de-icing compounds as a chloride-free alternative
Advantages of Ammonium Acetate
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Strong buffering capacity: Regulates and maintains pH near neutral
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Volatile: Leaves no residue after evaporation, ideal for HPLC and mass spectrometry
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Biodegradable: Breaks down naturally in the environment
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High water solubility: Allows for preparation of high-concentration aqueous solutions
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Relatively safe: Low toxicity in lab and industrial settings
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Versatile use: Broadly applied across food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries
Disadvantages of Ammonium Acetate
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Ammonia odor: Releases a pungent, mild ammonia smell upon decomposition
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Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture rapidly, requiring moisture-resistant packaging
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Thermal decomposition: Breaks down into ammonia and acetic acid at high temperatures
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Potential irritation:
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Eye contact: May cause irritation, redness, or burning
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Skin contact: May cause mild irritation
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Inhalation of dust: May cause coughing or shortness of breath
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Ingestion: In large amounts, may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort
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Ventilation required: Especially in enclosed areas, due to irritating vapors
Ammonium Bicarbonate
Properties of Ammonium BicarbonateLow thermal stability: One of the most important properties of ammonium bicarbonate is its low thermal stability. With increasing temperature, this substance decomposes into ammonia, water, and carbon dioxide. This property has led to its use as a leavening agent in the food industry. Alkalinity: An aqueous solution of ammonium bicarbonate has alkaline properties. Ammonia odor: This substance has a mild ammonia odor. Solubility: It dissolves in water but is insoluble in alcohols and acetone.
Ammonium Bicarbonate ApplicationsFood Industry: Leaving Agent: The most important use of ammonium bicarbonate in the food industry is as a leavening agent in baked goods such as biscuits, crackers, and some breads. When heated, it decomposes and releases carbon dioxide gas, which causes dough to rise. pH Adjustment: It is used in some food products to adjust pH. Pharmaceutical Industry: Pharmaceutical Preparation: It is used as a raw material in the production of some drugs. Textile Industry: Dye Fixation: It is used in the textile industry to fix dyes on fibers. Rubber Industry: Sponge Rubber Production: It is used as a void-forming agent in the production of sponge rubber. Agricultural Industry: Fertilizer: It is used as a source of nitrogen in some chemical fertilizers.
Ammonium Chloride
Properties of Ammonium ChlorideAcidic aqueous solution: An aqueous solution of ammonium chloride has weak acidic properties. High solubility in water: This substance dissolves easily in water. Thermal stability: It decomposes at high temperatures and produces ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases. Salty and cool taste: Its taste is salty and slightly cool.
Applications of Ammonium ChlorideFood industry: Food additive: It is used as a food additive with the number E510 and acts as a pH regulator and leavening agent in baked products such as bread and biscuits. Nutritional yeast: It is used as a nitrogen source for the growth of yeasts. Battery industry: Zinc-carbon battery: Used as an electrolyte in zinc-carbon batteries. Metalworking industry: Soldering flux: Used as a soldering flux to improve solder flow. Metal cleaning: Used to clean metal surfaces. Fertilizer industry: Nitrogen fertilizer: Used as a source of nitrogen in chemical fertilizers. Leather industry: Leather tanning: Used in the leather tanning process. Medical industry: Pharmaceutical: Used as a raw material in the production of some drugs.
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (ALES) is a surface-active substance or surfactant that is widely used in the production of detergent and hygiene products due to its high foaming and cleaning properties.
Application of Ammonium Lauryl Ether SulfateDue to its ability to create foam and cleanse, it is used in many everyday products, including shampoos, body washes, dishwashing liquid, shaving foam, and even some cosmetic products, such as:
- Shampoos
- Hand Washes
- Bath Soaps
- Body Washes
- Hair Color Products
Important points in using products containing ALESChoosing the right product: For sensitive skin, it is better to use products containing little or no ALES. Diluting the product: To reduce skin dryness, products containing ALES can be diluted with water. Using a conditioner: It is recommended to use a conditioner after using products containing ALES.
Ammonium lauryl sulfate
Features and Benefits
- Detergency
- Cleansing
- Good Penetration
- Emulsifier
- Foam Improver
Applications- Emulsion Polymerization - Shampoos - Soaps - Laundry - Facial Cleansers - Metalworking - Textile Industries - Oil & Gas Industries
Product SpecificationsAppearance Pale yellow or colorless liquid Molecular mass (g/mol) 297 Active substance 25±2 C12(wt%) 20-30 C14(wt%) 65-75 pH 7-May
Ammonium Sulfate
What is the use of ammonium sulfate?Agricultural fertilizer: The most important use of ammonium sulfate is as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. This fertilizer contains nitrogen (21%) and sulfur (24%), which are two essential elements for plant growth. Nitrogen helps in vegetative growth of plants, and sulfur plays a role in the production of proteins and enzymes. Adjusting soil pH: Ammonium sulfate has acidic properties and helps reduce the pH of alkaline soils. This allows the nutrients in the soil to be better absorbed by the plant. Improving soil quality: Ammonium sulfate helps improve soil structure and increase its permeability. Increasing crop yield: Using ammonium sulfate as a fertilizer leads to increased crop yield, improved crop quality, and increased plant resistance to diseases.
Uses of Ammonium SulfateAgricultural Fertilizer: The most important use of ammonium sulfate is as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. This fertilizer is used in the cultivation of various crops including cereals, cotton, sugar beets, and fruits. Soil pH adjustment: Ammonium sulfate is used to lower the pH of alkaline soils and improve plant growth conditions. Production of other chemicals: Ammonium sulfate is also used in the production of some chemicals such as ammonia and sulfuric acid.
Benefits of using ammonium sulfateRich source of nitrogen and sulfur: Ammonium sulfate is a rich and accessible source of nitrogen and sulfur for plants. Increased crop yield: Using ammonium sulfate as a fertilizer leads to a significant increase in the yield of agricultural products. Improved product quality: Agricultural products produced using ammonium sulfate are of higher quality. Affordable price: Ammonium sulfate is more affordable than other chemical fertilizers.
Amphoteric Surfactant
Characteristics of amphoteric surfactantsCharge duality: The most important characteristic of these surfactants is their ability to change their electrical charge based on the pH of the environment. In acidic environments, they acquire a positive charge and in alkaline environments, they acquire a negative charge. High compatibility: They are highly compatible with other types of surfactants (anionic, cationic and non-ionic). Mildness: They are usually milder than anionic and cationic surfactants and are less irritating to the skin and hair. Good foaming: Many amphoteric surfactants have good foaming properties. High viscosity: Gives products a thick and creamy texture.
Applications of amphoteric surfactantsPersonal care products Shampoos: Used as a foaming agent and hair conditioner. Hand wash: Used in the production of hand wash for sensitive skin due to their mildness. Lotions and creams: Used as an emulsifier and softener. Baby care products: Used in baby products due to their mildness. Textile industry: Used as a softener and antistatic agent in the textile industry. Food industry: Used as an emulsifier in some food products.
