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Cyclohexanone

Chemical, ketones

Cyclohexanone is a cyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₁₀O. It is a cyclic ketone and consists of a six-membered ring of six carbon atoms to which a carbonyl group (C=O) is attached. Cyclohexanone occurs as a colorless oily liquid with an odor similar to benzaldehyde (bitter almond odor).

Physical and chemical properties

Physical state: Colorless oily liquid Odor: Similar to benzaldehyde (bitter almond) Solubility: Soluble in water and also soluble in many organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Density: Less than water Boiling point: 155.7 °C Melting point: -31 °C Flammability: Cyclohexanone vapors are flammable. Production method Cyclohexanone is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclohexane in the presence of cobalt catalysts. In this process, cyclohexanol is also produced as a by-product. The mixture resulting from this reaction is known as KA oil (Ketone-Alcohol oil) and is used as a raw material for the production of adipic acid.

Applications of cyclohexanone

Chemical industry: Used as a raw material in the production of nylon, resins, paints, adhesives and solvents. Solvent: Used as a solvent for paints, varnishes, resins and other organic materials. Pharmaceutical production: Used in the synthesis of some pharmaceuticals. Textile industry: Used as a solvent in dyeing and printing processes.

DAP

Chemical, Fertilizer

DEIPA 85%

Chemical, Amines

DEIPA 85% stands for Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85%. This chemical is an organic compound from the alkanolamine group and is known as a grinding aid in cement production. DEIPA 85% is used as an additive in the cement production process and helps improve the quality and efficiency of the process. DEIPA 85% Applications Cement Industry: The main application of DEIPA 85% in the cement industry is as a grinding aid. Chemical Industry: It is used in the production of some chemical products such as surfactants and resins. Paint and Resin Industry: It is used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in the production of paints and resins.

Dense Soda

Chemical, Alkalines

Dense soda, also known as dense sodium carbonate or anhydrous sodium carbonate, is a white, crystalline solid with the chemical formula Na₂CO₃. It's a versatile industrial chemical with a wide range of applications. Key Properties of Dense Soda: High Solubility: Easily dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution. Alkalinity: Acts as a strong base, neutralizing acids. Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air. Non-Combustible: Does not burn. Applications of Dense Soda: Glass Industry: Used as a flux to lower the melting point of silica sand. Improves the workability and clarity of glass. Detergent Industry: Employed as a builder in detergents to enhance cleaning power. Used to adjust pH levels in detergent formulations. Chemical Industry: Used in the production of various chemicals, including sodium bicarbonate, sodium silicate, and sodium dichromate. Pulp and Paper Industry: Used to neutralize acidic pulp and paper. Helps in the removal of lignin from wood pulp. Water Treatment: Used to adjust pH levels in water treatment processes. Helps in the removal of heavy metals and other contaminants. Food Industry: Used as a food additive to control acidity and as a leavening agent.

Di Butyl Phthalate (DBP) is an organic chemical compound that belongs to the phthalate family. It is used primarily as a plasticizer to enhance the flexibility, durability, and workability of plastics. DBP is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic odor. Chemical Formula:

C12H18O4 (Di-n-butyl phthalate)

Structure

Di Butyl Phthalate (DBP) is an ester compound composed of a phthalate group and two butyl groups. Its molecular structure consists of a benzene ring (C6H5) attached to a carbonyl group (C=O), which is further connected to two butyl ester groups. Each butyl group consists of a four-carbon chain (C4H9) with a terminal -CH2 group attached to the ester linkage. The two butyl groups are attached to the carbonyl group through ester bonds, making DBP a typical phthalate ester. This structure imparts the chemical its characteristic properties, including its use as a plasticizer in various industrial applications.

Properties

Di Butyl Phthalate (DBP) is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint, characteristic odor. It has a relatively high boiling point of around 340°C and a low freezing point, making it stable across a wide range of temperatures. DBP is soluble in many organic solvents but is only slightly soluble in water. It is known for its ability to act as a plasticizer, meaning it can increase the flexibility, workability, and durability of plastics, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). DBP is also resistant to oxidation and has a relatively low volatility, contributing to its effectiveness in various industrial applications. However, it is considered to have potential health risks, with concerns about its toxicity and environmental impact, leading to increasing regulatory scrutiny.

Applications of Di Butyl Phthalate (DBP)

Used as a plasticizer in the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products such as flooring, coatings, and electrical cables.
Commonly found in adhesives, sealants, and paints to enhance flexibility and durability.
Employed in the manufacturing of personal care products like nail polishes, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Used in the production of synthetic rubbers and plastics to improve workability and softness.
Applied in the formulation of some lubricants and coatings for various industrial uses.

Advantages of Di Butyl Phthalate (DBP)

Improves the flexibility and elongation properties of plastics and other materials.
Enhances the durability and longevity of products by preventing them from becoming brittle.
Acts as a stabilizer and dispersant in certain chemical formulations.
Helps in producing smoother textures in personal care products.
Cost-effective compared to other plasticizers for certain industrial applications.

Disadvantages of Di Butyl Phthalate (DBP)

Potential health risks, including endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity.
Environmental concerns due to its persistence and potential for bioaccumulation.
Increasing regulatory restrictions and bans in certain regions due to safety concerns.
Can migrate out of materials over time, leading to potential exposure in consumer products.

Di Ethanol Amine

Chemical, Amines

Diethanolamine (DEA) is an organic chemical compound that is widely used in various industries. It is used as a surfactant, pH regulator, and chemical intermediate in the production of a wide range of products. Diethanolamine (DEA) Applications Detergent Industry: Used as a surfactant in the production of detergents, shampoos, soaps, and industrial cleaning agents. Pharmaceutical Industry: Used as a pH adjusting agent and stabilizer in the production of some drugs. Gas and Oil Industry: Used in the natural gas sweetening process to remove acidic gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Paint and Resin Industry: Used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in the production of paints, resins, and protective coatings. Leather Industry: Used as a pH adjusting agent and softener in the leather tanning process.

Di Ethylene Tri Amine

Chemical, Amines

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula H₂N(CH₂CH₂NH₂)₂. It exists as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint ammonia odor and is soluble in water. As a polyfunctional amine, DETA has alkaline and complexing properties, which have led to its wide application in various industries. Applications of Diethylenetriamine (DETA) DETA has many applications in various industries due to its unique chemical properties. Among its most important applications are the following: Detergent industry: It is used as a surfactant (surface active agent) in the production of detergents, shampoos and industrial detergents. Pharmaceutical industry: It is used as a pH adjusting agent and stabilizer in the production of some drugs. Paint and resin industry: It is used as a drying and hardening agent in the production of paints, epoxy resins and protective coatings. Paper industry: It is used as a sizing and strengthening agent in paper production. Water treatment industry: It is used as a coagulant and clarifying agent in water treatment. Agricultural industry: It is used as a chelating agent in chemical fertilizers.

Di Iso Nonyl Phthalate (DINP)

Polymer, Plasticiser

Di-Iso-Nonyl Phthalate (DINP) is a phthalate plasticizer commonly used to enhance the flexibility, durability, and workability of plastics, particularly polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It belongs to a family of high molecular weight phthalates and is widely used in various industrial and consumer applications.

Structure

Di-Iso-Nonyl Phthalate (DINP) is an organic compound belonging to the phthalate ester family. Its chemical structure consists of a phthalic acid core, where two ester functional groups are attached to iso-nonyl alcohol chains. The phthalic acid backbone is composed of a benzene ring with two carboxylate (-COO) groups positioned at the ortho positions. These carboxylate groups are esterified with branched iso-nonyl groups, which typically contain nine carbon atoms in a varied structural arrangement. The branching in the iso-nonyl chains contributes to DINP's higher molecular weight and lower volatility compared to lower molecular weight phthalates. This structural feature enhances its stability and flexibility when used as a plasticizer in polymers such as PVC. Due to its chemical nature, dinp is hydrophobic, poorly soluble in water, but readily dissolves in organic solvents and plastic materials, allowing it to impart flexibility and durability to a wide range of products.

Properties

Di-Iso-Nonyl Phthalate (DINP) is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow, oily liquid with a high molecular weight and low volatility. It has a molecular formula of C₂₆H₄₂O₄ and a molecular weight of approximately 418.6 g/mol. DINP is insoluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene, and other non-polar compounds. It has a boiling point of around 244°C at low pressure and a density of approximately 0.97 g/cm³ at 20°C. DINP is chemically stable, resistant to heat and oxidation, and does not easily evaporate, making it a preferred plasticizer for long-lasting applications. Due to its branched iso-nonyl groups, it provides enhanced flexibility, low migration, and good compatibility with polymers like polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Its low volatility and high permanence make it suitable for applications requiring durability and resistance to leaching.

Applications of Di-Iso-Nonyl Phthalate (DINP)

Plastics Industry: Used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products such as flooring, cables, and roofing materials.
Consumer Products: Found in flexible vinyl toys, synthetic leather, footwear, and sporting goods.
Automotive Industry: Used in car interiors, underbody coatings, sealants, and hoses to improve flexibility and durability.
Construction Materials: Applied in gaskets, insulation materials, and adhesives.
Electrical Applications: Enhances flexibility in electrical cables and wire insulation.
Coatings and Sealants: Used in paints, varnishes, and coatings to improve plasticity and longevity.

Advantages of Di-Iso-Nonyl Phthalate (DINP)

High flexibility and durability when used in plastics.
Low volatility and migration, making it ideal for long-term applications.
Good resistance to heat and oxidation, ensuring stability in high-temperature environments.
Better environmental performance compared to lower molecular weight phthalates, as it has lower bioavailability and leaching potential.
Cost-effective and widely available, making it a preferred plasticizer for many industrial applications.

Disadvantages of Di-Iso-Nonyl Phthalate (DINP)

Potential health concerns as it has been associated with endocrine-disrupting effects and possible reproductive toxicity at high exposure levels.
Environmental persistence due to its chemical stability, which can lead to accumulation in ecosystems.
Regulatory restrictions in regions such as the EU and the US, limiting its use in children's toys and childcare products.
Limited biodegradability, contributing to plastic pollution concerns.
Possible material compatibility issues with certain polymers or applications requiring ultra-low migration plasticizers.

Di Methyl Phthalate (DMP)

Polymer, Plasticiser

Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP) is an organic compound that belongs to the phthalate family of chemicals. It is a colorless, odorless liquid and is primarily used as a plasticizer. Chemical Formula: C8H6O4

Structure

The structure of Dimethyl Phthalate consists of a benzene ring, which is a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds. Attached to the benzene ring are two ester groups (-COOCH3), where each ester group consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a methoxy group (-OCH3). The methoxy groups are positioned at the 2- and 6-positions on the benzene ring, which places the ester groups in the ortho positions relative to each other. The two methoxy groups are connected to the ester groups, giving the molecule its characteristic structure as a phthalate ester. This structure makes Dimethyl Phthalate a relatively simple, but functional compound used primarily as a plasticizer and solvent in various applications.

Properties

Dimethyl Phthalate is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint odor. It has a molecular weight of 194.17 g/mol and a boiling point of 282°C, indicating it is relatively stable at high temperatures. Its melting point is quite low at around -24°C, which makes it a liquid at room temperature. Dimethyl Phthalate is only slightly soluble in water, but it is easily soluble in many organic solvents like alcohol, acetone, and benzene. Its low water solubility and high solvency power make it a useful plasticizer and solvent in various industrial applications. The compound is known for its ability to impart flexibility to plastics and is commonly used in the production of coatings, adhesives, and other materials. Additionally, it is an effective fixative and solvent in fragrances and certain types of pesticides. Despite its utility, Dimethyl Phthalate is considered to be an environmental pollutant and may pose health risks due to its potential as an endocrine disruptor.

Applications of Dimethyl Phthalate

Plasticizer: Used to increase the flexibility and durability of plastics, particularly in the production of films, coatings, and synthetic materials.
Fragrance Fixative: Commonly used in perfumes, deodorants, and other personal care products to help the fragrance last longer.
Solvent: Employed as a solvent in various industrial processes, including in paints, coatings, adhesives, and varnishes.
Pesticides: Used in some formulations of pesticides and insecticides.
Pharmaceuticals: Occasionally used in the formulation of certain drug delivery systems.

Advantages of Dimethyl Phthalate

Improved Flexibility: It enhances the flexibility and workability of plastics, making it essential in manufacturing flexible vinyl and other polymer-based products.
Effective Fragrance Fixative: In personal care products, it helps extend the longevity of fragrances.
Solvent Properties: It is a versatile solvent in several industrial applications, improving the solubility of other substances in formulations.
Low Cost: Dimethyl Phthalate is relatively inexpensive and widely available, making it cost-effective for industrial use.

Disadvantages of Dimethyl Phthalate

Health Risks: It is considered an endocrine disruptor, potentially affecting hormonal balance and reproductive health when exposure occurs over extended periods.
Environmental Impact: Dimethyl Phthalate is not easily biodegradable and can accumulate in the environment, potentially harming aquatic life and ecosystems.
Regulatory Concerns: Due to its potential health and environmental effects, its use is restricted or banned in certain products, particularly those in contact with food and children.
Toxicity: Prolonged exposure can lead to toxicity, including liver damage and reproductive system disruption, posing risks to both humans and animals.

Polymer Products

Chemical Products

Rubber Products

Plastic Products