White Spirit

White Spirit, also known as industrial kerosene, mineral spirits, or light naphtha, is a light aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon mixture obtained through fractional distillation of crude oil. It is a colorless, transparent, volatile, and flammable liquid, widely used as a solvent in various industries such as paints and coatings, degreasing, automotive, and woodworking.

Chemical Structure of White Spirit

• General Formula: A mixture of n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and a small proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene

• Chemical Composition: Primarily composed of C₇–C₁₂ hydrocarbons, depending on the grade

• Molecular Structure: A combination of linear and branched saturated hydrocarbon chains with a minor aromatic fraction

• CAS Number: 8052-41-3 (for White Spirit Type 1)

Physical and Chemical Properties

Applications of White Spirit

Paints and Thinners Industry

• Solvent for oil-based, alkyd, and resin paints

• Viscosity regulator in the production of thinners and varnishes

• Used in solvent-based coatings to ensure uniform film formation and drying

Degreasing and Cleaning

• Removes grease and oils from industrial machinery and tools

• Cleans metal parts prior to painting or coating

• Applied in dry degreasing processes in metalworking and fabrication lines

Printing and Automotive Industries

• Solvent for petroleum-based printing inks (e.g., flexographic and gravure inks)

• Used for cleaning mechanical parts, engines, and tools

Wood and Furniture Industry

• Diluent for wood varnishes, polishes, and waxes

• Removes excess oils and grease before painting or finishing

• Used in final polishing to improve surface smoothness and uniformity

Advantages of White Spirit

• High solvency power for oils, resins, and oil-based paints

• Moderate volatility, allowing optimal drying without overly fast evaporation

• Safer alternative compared to harsher solvents such as acetone or xylene, especially on wooden surfaces

• Economical and widely available for industrial use

• Stable under standard storage and handling conditions

Disadvantages of White Spirit

• Highly flammable, requiring strict safety precautions in enclosed spaces

• Irritating to eyes and skin upon direct contact

• Inhalation of vapors may cause dizziness, nausea, or headaches

• Unpleasant odor at high concentrations

• Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents such as permanganates or peroxides

Safety and Storage Guidelines

• According to GHS Classification, White Spirit is labeled with:
• H226: Flammable liquid and vapor
• H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
• H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
• Nitrile gloves, half-face respirator with organic vapor filters, and safety goggles are required.
• Ventilation: Adequate ventilation is essential (preferably local exhaust or mechanical ventilation).
• Storage: Keep in tightly sealed, solvent-resistant containers, away from heat, open flames, and direct sunlight.
• Transportation: Classified under UN 1300 with flammable liquid labeling required on all containers.