Span 20

Span 20 (INCI Name: Sorbitan Monolaurate) is a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier derived from natural sorbitol and lauric acid.
It possesses a low Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB ≈ 8.6), making it particularly effective for stabilizing water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions.
Due to its mildness, stability, and compatibility with a wide range of cosmetic and food ingredients, Span 20 is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and industrial formulations.

Chemical Structure and Composition

• Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₄₆O₆

• Molecular Weight: 430.6 g/mol

• Chemical Family: Sorbitan esters

• Structure: Ester of sorbitol and lauric acid, containing a hydrophilic polyhydric alcohol backbone and a lipophilic fatty acid chain.

• CAS Number: 1338-39-2

• E Number (Food Grade): E493

This amphiphilic molecular structure enables Span 20 to reduce interfacial tension and form stable emulsions between polar and non-polar phases.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Key Advantages

• Naturally derived, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly

• Excellent emulsifying performance in W/O systems

• Enhances texture and smoothness of emulsions

• Compatible with a broad range of non-ionic and ionic surfactants

• Stable under various processing conditions (temperature, pH, electrolytes)

• FDA and EFSA approved for use in food and cosmetic applications

Limitations

• Limited efficiency in O/W (oil-in-water) emulsions due to low HLB value

• Requires combination with high-HLB emulsifiers (e.g., Tween series) for balanced systems

• May cause mild irritation in individuals with extremely sensitive skin

Applications

1. Food Industry

• Emulsifier and stabilizer in sauces, dairy products, chocolates, and confectionery

• Improves product texture, mouthfeel, and shelf-life

• Prevents fat and water separation in emulsified systems

2. Cosmetics and Personal Care

• Used in creams, lotions, balms, and sunscreens

• Functions as an emollient, dispersant, and co-emulsifier

• Provides smooth, non-greasy sensory feel

3. Pharmaceutical Applications

• Enhances dispersion of lipophilic active ingredients in liquid or semi-solid dosage forms

• Stabilizes topical and oral emulsions

• Suitable for controlled-release formulations

4. Industrial Uses

• Homogenizing agent in lubricants, coatings, and paints

• Dispersant and wetting aid in agrochemicals

• Improves compatibility and flow in wax and resin systems

Handling and Safety Information

• Classification: Non-hazardous under normal handling conditions

• Personal Protection: Use gloves, goggles, and protective clothing during large-scale handling

• First Aid:

  • Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for several minutes

  • Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water

• Fire Behavior: Non-flammable; may produce CO/CO₂ upon decomposition

Storage and Shelf Life

• Storage Conditions:

  • Keep in tightly closed containers

  • Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area (15 – 25 °C)

  • Protect from direct sunlight and moisture

• Shelf Life: Minimum 24 months under recommended storage conditions

• Packaging: Available in 25 kg drums, 200 kg barrels, or IBC totes upon request

Summary

Span 20 (Sorbitan Monolaurate) is a versatile, natural-origin emulsifier ideal for water-in-oil formulations in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Its excellent stability, mildness, and emulsifying efficiency make it a preferred choice for formulators seeking performance and safety in a sustainable product.