Sodium citrate or fruit salt is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Na₃C₆H₅O₇. It is produced by the reaction of citric acid with sodium hydroxide and is available in the form of white powder or colorless crystals. Sodium citrate has a wide range of applications in various industries due to its unique properties.

Properties of Sodium Citrate

High solubility in water: Sodium citrate dissolves easily in water and its aqueous solutions are neutral.
Mild taste: Sodium citrate tastes slightly salty and sour.
Buffering property: Sodium citrate acts as a buffer and can reduce pH changes in solutions.
Anticoagulant property: Sodium citrate combines with calcium ions and prevents blood clotting.

Sodium Citrate Applications

Food industries:
Food additive: It is used as a food additive to adjust pH, improve taste, and increase the shelf life of foods.
Emulsifier: It acts as an emulsifier in the production of some food products such as cheese.
Canning: Used in the canning process of food to prevent discoloration and maintain quality.
Pharmaceutical industry:
Anticoagulant: Used in laboratories and blood banks to prevent blood clotting.
Antacids: Used to treat indigestion and acid reflux.
Injectable solutions: Used as an ingredient in injectable solutions.
Detergent industry:
Water softener: Used to soften hard water and increase the effectiveness of detergents.
Cosmetic industry:
Creams and lotions: Used as a moisturizing agent in creams and lotions.
Photographic industry:
Image fixer: Used in the process of developing photographic films.

Benefits of using sodium citrate

Safety: Sodium citrate is generally safe and has few side effects when used correctly.
High efficiency: Sodium citrate performs very well in many applications.
Availability: Sodium citrate is readily available and reasonably priced.