Iso Butanol (Isobutyl Alcohol)

Isobutanol (Isobutyl Alcohol) is a branched primary alcohol containing four carbon atoms. It is widely used across various industries as a solvent, chemical intermediate, fuel additive, and plasticizer. This compound is a colorless liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor and moderate volatility, belonging to the family of light aliphatic alcohols.

Chemical Structure of Isobutanol

• Molecular formula: C₄H₁₀O

• IUPAC name: 2-Methyl-1-propanol

• Structural formula: (CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH

• Type of alcohol: Branched primary alcohol

The branched structure of isobutanol (or isobutyl alcohol) distinguishes it from n-butanol, resulting in differences in physical properties, solubility, odor, and chemical reactivity.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Isobutanol

Applications of Isobutanol

1. Industrial Solvent

• Used in lacquers, resins, adhesives, and solvent-based paints

• Effective solvent for printing inks, metal coatings, and automotive varnishes

2. Fuel Additive

• Improves octane rating in gasoline

• Reduces engine deposits and enhances combustion efficiency

• Considered a bio-based alternative to methanol in blended biofuels

3. Chemical Synthesis

• Intermediate in the production of esters, plasticizers, and surfactants

• Used in the manufacture of isobutyl acetate, butyl acrylate, and various aromatic compounds

4. Oil, Gas, and Agricultural Industries

• Used as a formulation agent in pesticides, lubricating additives, and extraction agents

• Applied in oil refining and organic phase separation processes

Advantages of Isobutanol

• Excellent solvent power for both polar and nonpolar compounds

• Moderate evaporation rate, providing better control compared to lighter alcohols

• High efficiency in the synthesis of esters and fragrance compounds

• High octane number, suitable for blending with fossil fuels

• Good chemical and environmental stability

Disadvantages of Isobutanol

• Highly flammable, requiring careful handling and storage

• Moderate toxicity – may cause respiratory or skin irritation with repeated exposure

• Limited solubility in water, requiring emulsifiers or mechanical agitation for blending

• Often more expensive than n-butanol in certain markets

Safety Information for Isobutanol

• Chemical name: Isobutanol (Isobutyl Alcohol)

• Chemical formula: C₄H₁₀O

• CAS Number: 78-83-1

Chemical and Physical Hazards of Isobutanol

Safety Measures for Handling Isobutanol

General Precautions

• Work only in well-ventilated areas

• Use an organic vapor respirator in industrial environments

• Wear chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or PVC), safety goggles, and a lab coat

• Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact

In Case of Leakage

• Absorb spills using non-combustible absorbents such as vermiculite or sand

• Ventilate the area and remove all ignition sources

• Use anti-static, spark-proof tools for cleanup

In Case of Fire

• Use alcohol-resistant foam, CO₂, or dry chemical extinguishers

• Avoid using high-pressure water streams (may spread the fire)

• Firefighting personnel should wear protective gear and alcohol-resistant suits

Storage Conditions for Isobutanol