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    Chromic acid

    Chromic acid, with the chemical formula H₂CrO₄, is a potent oxidizing agent known for its strong acidity and reactivity. It is an unstable compound that readily reacts with itself to form dichromate acid (H₂Cr₂O₇). This compound is also highly hygroscopic, absorbing moisture from the air.

    Key Properties
    Chemical Formula: H₂CrO₄

    Molecular Weight: 118.0 g/mol

    Appearance: Dark purplish-red crystalline solid or powder

    Melting Point: 197°C (386.6°F)

    Density: 1.201 g/cm³

    Solubility: Highly soluble in water, acetic acid, pyridine, and ether

    Synthesis and Purification
    Chromic acid is typically formed by dissolving chromium trioxide (CrO₃) in water or by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a dichromate solution. The crude CrO₃ is precipitated from a mixture of saturated sulfuric acid and saturated sodium bichromate. The precipitate is then purified by crystallization or melting.

    Applications
    Oxidizing Agent: Utilized in organic synthesis for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones.

    Chromium Plating: Essential in the chrome plating industry, providing a durable and aesthetically pleasing finish to metal surfaces.

    Ceramics and Glass: Used in the production of ceramic glazes and colored glass, imparting vibrant colors.

    Cleaning and Etching: Employed in laboratories for cleaning glassware and etching materials due to its strong oxidative properties.

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    Chromic acid