Carbonates

Carbonates are chemical compounds derived from carbonic acid or carbon dioxide. They fall into two main categories: inorganic carbonates and organic carbonates.

Inorganic Carbonates
Inorganic carbonates are salts of carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), containing the carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻) and metal ions such as sodium or calcium. These compounds form many minerals and are the main constituents of limestones and dolomites. They also make up the hard parts of many marine invertebrates.

Organic Carbonates
Organic carbonates are esters derived from carbonic acid. In these compounds, the hydrogen atoms of carbonic acid are replaced by carbon-containing groups such as ethyl (C₂H₅).
Key Applications
Industrial Uses: Carbonates are widely used in industrial applications, including cement production, glass manufacturing, and as additives in various chemical processes.

Biological Importance: Inorganic carbonates are essential in the formation of shells and skeletons of marine organisms.

Consumer Products: Organic carbonates are used in the production of plastics, textiles, and as solvents in various industries.