Amphoteric surfactant is a type of surface active agent that has both anionic and cationic functional groups in its structure. In simpler terms, these surfactants can acquire a positive or negative charge depending on environmental conditions (such as pH). This unique property makes amphoteric surfactants widely used in many products, especially personal care products.

Characteristics of amphoteric surfactants

Charge duality: The most important characteristic of these surfactants is their ability to change their electrical charge based on the pH of the environment. In acidic environments, they acquire a positive charge and in alkaline environments, they acquire a negative charge.
High compatibility: They are highly compatible with other types of surfactants (anionic, cationic and non-ionic).
Mildness: They are usually milder than anionic and cationic surfactants and are less irritating to the skin and hair.
Good foaming: Many amphoteric surfactants have good foaming properties.
High viscosity: Gives products a thick and creamy texture.

Applications of amphoteric surfactants

Personal care products:
Shampoos: Used as a foaming agent and hair conditioner.
Hand wash: Used in the production of hand wash for sensitive skin due to their mildness.
Lotions and creams: Used as an emulsifier and softener.
Baby care products: Used in baby products due to their mildness.
Textile industry: Used as a softener and antistatic agent in the textile industry.
Food industry: Used as an emulsifier in some food products.